Bibliography for Chapter 12: Respiratory care, CPR and blood transfusion

References

1 AAGBI (Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland) (2016) AAGBI guidelines: The use of blood components and their alternatives 2016. Anaesthesia, 71(7), 829–842. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
2 Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (2013) Safe Sedation Practice for Healthcare Procedures: Standards and Guidelines. Available at: www.aomrc.org.uk/wp‐content/uploads/2016/05/Safe_Sedation_Practice_1213.pdf
3 Adam, S., Osborne, S. & Welch, J. (2017) Critical Care Nursing, 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
4 Adamson, R.T. (2015) The burden of hyperkalemia in patients with cardiovascular and renal disease. American Journal of Managed Care, 21, S307–S315. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
5 Adlakha, C., Roberts, M. & Ali, N. (2016) Chest tube insertion. In: Heunks, L., Demoule, A., & Windlisch, W. (eds) Pulmonary Emergencies. Norwich: European Respiratory Society, pp.229–239. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
6 Afacan, M.A., Colak, S., Gunes, H., et al. (2014) An unusual complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Stomach perforation. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 32(6), 1149. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
7 Al Ashry, H.S. & Modrykamien, A.M. (2014) Humidification during mechanical ventilation in the adult patient. BioMed Research International. Available at: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/715434
8 Alamdari, D.H., Asadi, M., Rahim, A.N., et al. (2018) Efficacy and safety of pleurodesis using platelet‐rich plasma and fibrin glue in management of postoperative chylothorax after esophagectomy. World Journal of Surgery, 42(4), 1046–1055. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
9 Al‐Omari, A., Aljamaan, F., Alhazzani, W., et al. (2016) Cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent critically ill adults: Literature review. Annals of Intensive Care, 6(1), 110. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
10 American Society of Anesthesiologists (2018) Practical guidelines for moderate procedural sedation and analgesia. Anesthesiology, 128(3), 437–479. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
11 Ari, A., Harwood, R., Sheard, M., et al. (2016) Quantifying aerosol delivery in simulated spontaneously breathing patients with tracheostomy using different humidification systems with or without exhaled humidity. Respiratory Care, 61(5), 600–606. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
12 Backhaus, R., Torka, E., Ertl, M., et al. (2017) Influence of positive end‐expiratory pressure ventilation on cerebral perfusion and cardia haemodynamics. Journal of Depression and Anxiety, 6(4). DOI: Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
13 Barbara, J.A. & Contreras, M. (2009) Infectious complications of blood transfusion: Bacteria and parasites. In: Contreras, M. (ed) ABC of Transfusion, 4th edn. Oxford: Blackwell, pp.69–73. | Cite this reference
14 Barnett, M. (2012) Back to basics: Caring for people with a tracheostomy. Nursing & Residential Care, 14(8), 390–394. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
15 Batuwitage, B., Webber, S. & Glossop, A. (2014) Percutaneous tracheostomy. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain, 14(6), 268–272. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
16 BCSH (British Committee for Standards in Haematology) (2009) Guideline on the Administration of Blood Components. London: British Society of Haematology. | Cite this reference
17 BCSH, Blood Transfusion Task Force, Boulton, F.E. & James, V. (2007) Guidelines for policies on alternatives to allogeneic blood transfusion. 1. Predeposit autologous blood donation and transfusion. Transfusion Medicine, 17(5), 354–365. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
18 BCSH, Milkins, C., Berryman, J., et al. (2013) Guidelines for pre‐transfusion compatibility procedures in blood transfusion laboratories. Transfusion Medicine, 23, 3–35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
19 Bein, T., Grasso, S., Moerer, O., et al. (2016) The standard of care of patients with ARDS: Ventilatory settings and rescue therapies for refractory hypoxemia. Intensive Care Medicine, 42(5), 699–711. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
20 Beitler, J., Owen, R. & Malhotra, A. (2016) Unmasking a role for noninvasive ventilation in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA, 315(22), 2401–2403. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
21 Bender, B., Murthy, V. & Chamberlain, R.S. (2016) The changing management of chylothorax in the modern era. European Journal of Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery, 49(1), 18–24. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
22 Bishop, E. (2008) Blood transfusion therapy. In: Dougherty, L. & Lamb, J. (eds) Intravenous Therapy in Nursing Practice, 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell, pp.377–394. | Cite this reference
23 BMA (British Medical Association), Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK), & Royal College of Nursing (RCN) (2016) Decisions Relating to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, 3rd edn. London: British Medical Association. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
24 BNF (British National Formulary) (2019) British National Formulary. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Available at: https://bnf.nice.org.uk
25 Bolton‐Maggs, P.H.B. (ed) on behalf of the Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) Steering Group (2012) The Annual SHOT Report 2011. SHOT. Available at: https://www.shotuk.org/wp‐content/uploads/myimages/SHOT‐ANNUAL‐REPORT_FinalWebVersionBookmarked_2012_06_22.pdf
26 Bolton‐Maggs, P.H.B. (ed) on behalf of the Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) Steering Group (2014) The Annual SHOT Report 2013. SHOT. Available at: https://www.shotuk.org/wp‐content/uploads/myimages/2013.pdf
27 Bolton‐Maggs, P.H.B. (ed) on behalf of the Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) Steering Group (2018) The Annual SHOT Report 2017. SHOT. Available at: https://www.shotuk.org/wp‐content/uploads/myimages/SHOT‐Report‐2017‐WEB‐Final‐v4‐25‐9‐18.pdf
28 Bonvento, B., Wallace, S., Lynch, J., et al. (2017) Role of the multidisciplinary team in the care of the tracheostomy patient. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 10, 391–398. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
29 Brady, D.R. (2018) Care of the patient with respiratory failure. In: Perrin, K.O. & Macleod, C.E. (eds) Understanding the Essentials of Critical Care Nursing. New York: Pearson, pp.51–80. | Cite this reference
30 Brill, A. (2014) How to avoid interface problems in acute noninvasive ventilation. Breathe, 10(3), 231–242. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
31 Brill, S.E. & Wedzicha, J.A. (2014) Oxygen therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 9, 1241–1252. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
32 British Heart Foundation (2018) Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2018. Available at: https://www.bhf.org.uk/what‐we‐do/our‐research/heart‐statistics/heart‐statistics‐publications/cardiovascular‐disease‐statistics‐2018
33 Bry, C., Jaffré, S., Guyomarc'h, B., et al. (2018) Noninvasive ventilation in obese subjects after acute respiratory failure. Respiratory Care, 63(1), 28–35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
34 BSQR (Blood Safety and Quality Regulations) (2005) Available at: www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2005/20050050.htm
35 Cammarota, G., Vaschetto, G., Turucz, E., et al. (2011) Influence of lung collapse distribution on the physiologic response to recruitment maneuvers during noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure. Intensive Care Medicine, 37, 1095–1102. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
36 Cardillo, G., Bintcliffe, O.J., Carleo, F., et al. (2016) Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: A cohort study of VATS with talc poudrage. Thorax, 71(9), 847–853. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
37 Carless, P.A., Henry, D.A., Moxey, A.J., et al. (2010) Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD001888. | Cite this reference
38 Carson, J.L., Carless, P.A. & Hebert, P.C. (2012) Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD002042. | Cite this reference
39 Ceachir, O., Hainarosie, R. & Zainea, V. (2014) Total laryngectomy: Past, present, future. Maedica, 9(2), 210–216. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
40 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019) Variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease (vCJD). Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/prions/vcjd/clinical‐pathologic‐characteristics.html
41 Cerfolio, R.J., Bryant, A.S., Skylizard, L. & Minnich, D.J. (2013) Optimal technique for the removal of chest tubes after pulmonary resection. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 145(6), 1535–1539. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
42 Chadwick, A.J., Halfyard, R. & Ali, M. (2015) Intercostal chest drains: Are you confident going on the pull? If not use the I‐T‐U approach. Journal of Intensive Care Society, 16(4), 312–325. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
43 Cheng, H.M. & Jusof, F. (2018) Control of respiration. In: Defining Physiology: Principles, Themes, Concepts. Singapore: Springer, pp.117–124. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
44 Cheung, N.H. & Napolitano, L.M. (2014) Tracheostomy: Epidemiology, indications, timing, technique, and outcomes. Respiratory Care, 59(6), 895–919. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
45 Choi, W.I. (2014) Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases. Pneumothorax, 76(3), 99–104. | Cite this reference
46 Chowdhury, O., Wedderburn, C., Duffy, D. & Greenough, A. (2012) CPAP review. European Journal of Paediatrics, 171, 1441–1448. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
47 Cipriano, A., Mao, M.L., Hon, H.H., et al. (2015) An overview of complications associated with open and percutaneous tracheostomy procedures. International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science, 5(3), 179–188. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
48 Clarke, P., Radford, K., Coffey, M. & Stewart, M. (2016) Speech and swallow rehabilitation in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 130(Suppl. 2), 176–180. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
49 Collins, J.A., Rudenski, A., Gibson, J., et al. (2015) Relating oxygen partial pressure, saturation and content: The haemoglobin–oxygen dissociation curve. Breathe, 11(3), 194–201. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
50 Corrêa, T.D., Sanches, P.R., de Morais, L.C., et al. (2015) Performance of noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure in critically ill patients: A prospective, observational, cohort study. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 15, 144. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
51 Cortegiani, A., Russotto, V., Antonelli, M., et al. (2017) Ten important articles on noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients and insights for the future: A report of expert opinions. Anaesthesiology, 17, 122. | Cite this reference
52 Cosgrove, J.F. & Carrie, S. (2015) Indications for and management of tracheostomies. Surgery, 33(4), 172–179. | Cite this reference
53 Cuquemelle, E., Pham, T., Papon, J.F., et al. (2012) Heated and humidified high‐flow oxygen therapy reduces discomfort during hypoxemic respiratory failure. Respiratory Care, 57, 1571–1577. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
54 Daniels, G. (2013) Human blood group systems. In: Murphy, M., Pamphilon, D. & Heddle, N. (eds) Practical Transfusion Medicine, 4th edn. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp.21–30. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
55 Davies, H.E., Davies, R.J.O. & Davies, C.W.H. (2010) Management of pleural infection in adults: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. Thorax, 65(Suppl. 2), i41–i53. | Cite this reference
56 Davies, M., Allen, M., Bentley, A., et al. (2018) British Thoracic Society quality standards for acute non‐invasive ventilation in adults. BMJ, 5, 1–13. | Cite this reference
57 Davison, C., Banham, S., Elliott, M., et al. (2016) BTS/ICS guideline for the ventilatory management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults. Thorax, 71(Suppl. 2), i1–i35. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
58 Dawson, D. (2014) Essential principles: Tracheostomy care in the adult patient. British Association of Critical Care Nurses, 19(2), 63–72. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
59 Delaney, M., Wendel, S., Bercovitz, R.S., et al. (2016) Transfusion reactions: Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet, 388(10061), 2825–2836. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
60 Demoule, A., Hill, N. & Navalesi, P. (2016) Can we prevent intubation in patients with ARDS. Intensive Care Medicine, 42, 768–771. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
61 DH (Department of Health) (2003) Confidentiality: NHS Code of Practice. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/200146/Confidentiality_‐_NHS_Code_of_Practice.pdf | Cite this reference
62 DH (2007) Better Blood Transfusion: Safe and Appropriate Use of Blood – HSC 2007/001. Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130105061813/www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_080803.pdf
63 DH (2013) Measures Currently in Place in the UK to Reduce the Potential Risk of vCJD Transmission via Blood. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/measures‐currently‐in‐place‐in‐the‐uk‐to‐reduce‐the‐potential‐risk‐of‐vcjd‐transmission‐via‐blood
64 DH (2017) Safe Transfusion Practice: Use a Bedside Checklist [Alert Reference Number CEM/CMO/2017/005]. London: Department of Health. | Cite this reference
65 Dhruve, H., Davey, C. & Pursell, J. (2015) Respiratory disease oxygen therapy: Emergency use and long term treatment. Clinical Pharmacist, 7(5). Available at: https://www.pharmaceutical‐journal.com/learning/learning‐article/oxygen‐therapy‐emergency‐use‐and‐long‐term‐treatment/20068717.article | Cite this reference
66 Dixon, C. & Jones, L. (2017) Oxygen prescription and safe administration on respiratory wards. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians, 17(Suppl. 3). DOI: Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
67 Doctor, T.N., Foster, J.P., Stewart, A., et al. (2017) Heated and humidified inspired gas through heated humidifiers in comparison to non‐heated and non‐humidified gas in hospitalised neonates receiving respiratory support. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2. DOI: Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
68 Dres, M. & Demoule, A. (2016) Noninvasive ventilation: Do not tolerate intolerance. Respiratory Care, 61(3), 393–394. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
69 Dysart, K., Miller, T.L., Wolfson, M.R. & Shaffer, T.H. (2009) Research in high flow therapy: Mechanisms of action. Respiratory Medicine, 103, 1400–1405. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
70 Egan, A.M., McPhillips, D., Sarkar, S. & Breen, D. P. (2014) Malignant pleural effusion. QJM, 107(3), 179–184. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
71 Eldin, K.W. & Teruya, J. (2012) Blood components for hemostasis. Laboratory Medicine, 43(6), 237–244. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
72 English, A.M. (2015). Physiotherapy in palliative care. In: Cherny, N., Fallon, M., Kaasa, S., et al. (eds) Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine, 5th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.197–202. | Cite this reference
73 ERC (European Resuscitation Council) (2015) European Resuscitation Guidelines. Available at: https://cprguidelines.eu
74 Estcourt, L.J., Birchall, J., Allard, S., et al. (2017) Guidelines for the use of platelet transfusions. British Journal of Haematology, 176(3), 365–394. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
75 Everitt, E. (2016a) Caring for patients with a tracheostomy. Nursing Times, 112(9), 16–20. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
76 Everitt, E. (2016b) Caring for patients with permanent tracheostomy. Nursing Times, 112(21), 20–22. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
77 Everitt, E. (2016c) Supporting a patient following laryngectomy. Nursing Times, 112(1), 6–9. | Cite this reference
78 Feller‐Kopman, D.J. & Schwartzstein, R.M. (2017) The evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of the adult patient with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the‐evaluation‐diagnosis‐and‐treatment‐of‐the‐adult‐patient‐with‐acute‐hypercapnic‐respiratory‐failure
79 Fernandez, R., Compton, S., Jones, K.A. & Velilla, M.A. (2009) The presence of a family witness impacts physician performance during simulated medical codes. Critical Care Medicine, 37(6), 1956–1960. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
80 Ferreira, J.C., Medeiros, P. Jr., Rego, F.M. & Caruso, P. (2015) Risk factors for noninvasive ventilation failure in cancer patients in the intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study. Journal of Critical Care, 30(5), 1003–1007. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
81 Ferrer, M. & Torres, A. (2015) Non‐invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Critical Care, 21(1), 1–6. | Cite this reference
82 Findlay, G.P., Shotton, H., Kelly, K. & Mason, M. (2012) Time to Intervene? A Review of Patients who Underwent Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation as a Result of an In‐Hospital Cardiorespiratory Arrest. London: National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. | Cite this reference
83 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare (2013) Airvo 2 User Manual. Available at: https://www.fphcare.com/en‐gb/hospital/adult‐respiratory/optiflow/airvo‐2‐system/#downloads
84 Fitch, M.T., Nicks, B.A., Pariyadath, M., et al. (2012) Emergency pericardiocentesis. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(12), e17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
85 Frat, J.P., Thille, A.W., Mercat, A., et al. (2015) High‐flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2185–2196. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
86 Friedman, D. (2001) Hepatitis. In: Hillyer, C.D. (ed) Handbook of Transfusion Medicine. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp.275–284. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
87 Gaffney, S. & Dalton, A. (2018) Humidification devices. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 19(8), 397–400. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
88 George, R.S. & Papagiannopoulos, K. (2016) Advances in chest drain management in thoracic disease. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 8(Suppl. 1), S55–S64. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
89 Global Tracheostomy Collaborative (2013) Bite‐Sized Training from the GTC. Available at: https://members.globaltrach.org/wp‐content/uploads/2014/02/2.9%20Decannulation.pdf
90 GMC (General Medical Council) (2008) Consent: Patients and Doctors. Available at: https://www.gmc‐uk.org/ethical‐guidance/ethical‐guidance‐for‐doctors/consent/part‐3‐capacity‐issues#paragraph‐75
91 GOLD (Global Initiative of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) (2017) A Guide to COPD Diagnosis, Management and Prevention: A Guide to Health Care Professionals. Available at: https://goldcopd.org/wp‐content/uploads/2016/12/wms‐GOLD‐2017‐Pocket‐Guide.pdf
92 Goldberger, Z.D., Nallamothu, B.K. & Nichol, G. (2015). Family presence during resuscitation and patterns of care during in‐hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 8(3), 226–234. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
93 Green, J. & Pirie, L. (2009) A Framework to Support Nurses and Midwives Making the Clinical Decision and Providing the Written Instruction for Blood Component Transfusion. London: UK Blood Transfusion Services. | Cite this reference
94 Green, L., Bolton‐Maggs, P., Beattie, C., et al. (2018) British Society of Haematology guidelines on the spectrum of fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate products: Their handling and use in various patient groups in the absence of major bleeding. British Journal of Haematology, 181(1), 54–67. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
95 Greenwood, J.C. & Winters, M.E. (2014) Tracheostomy care. In: Roberts, J.R., Custalow, C.B., Thomsen, T.W. & Hedges, J.R. (eds) Roberts and Hedges’ Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine, 6th edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, pp.134–151. | Cite this reference
96 Griffith, R. (2016) For the record: Keeping detailed notes. British Journal of Nursing, 25(7), 408–409. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
97 Gulati, A., Oscroft, N., Chadwick, R., et al. (2015) The impact of changing people with sleep apnea using CPAP less than 4 h per night to a bi‐level device. Respiratory Medicine, 109, 778–783. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
98 Hafner, S., Beloncle, F., Koch, A., et al. (2015) Hyperoxia in intensive care, emergency, and peri‐operative medicine: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? A 2015 update. Annals of Intensive Care, 5(1), 42. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
99 Hardinge, M., Annandale, J., Bourne, S., et al. (2015) British Thoracic Society guidelines for home oxygen use in adults. Thorax, 70(1), i1–i43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
100 Harper, R.J. (2010) Pericardiocentesis. In: Roberts, J.R. & Hedges, J.R. (eds) Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine, 5th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, pp.287–307. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
101 Harrison, D.A., Patel, K., Nixon, E., et al. (2014) Development and validation of risk models to predict outcomes following in‐hospital cardiac arrest attended by a hospital‐based resuscitation team. Resuscitation, 85(8), 993–1000. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
102 Hassan, M. & Shaarawy, H. (2018) Spontaneous pneumothorax: Time to depart from the ‘chest tube underwater seal’? Egyptian Journal of Bronchology, 12(2), 137–142. | Cite this reference
103 Havelock, T., Teoh, R., Laws, D. & Gleeson, F. (2010) Pleural procedures and thoracic ultrasound: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. Thorax, 65(Suppl. 2), ii61–ii76. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
104 Henry, D.A., Carless, P.A., Moxey, A.J., et al. (2002) Pre‐operative autologous donation for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, CD003602. | Cite this reference
105 Hernández, G., Vaguero, C., Gonzalez, P., et al. (2016) Effect of postextubation high‐flow nasal cannula vs conventional oxygen therapy on reintubation in low‐risk patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 315(13), 1354–1361. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
106 Herren, T., Achermann, E., Hegi, T., et al. (2017) Carbon dioxide narcosis due to inappropriate oxygen delivery: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 11, 204. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
107 Herring, N. & Paterson, D.J. (2018) Levick's Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology, 6th edn. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis. | Cite this reference
108 Hess, D.R. & Altobelli, N.P. (2014) Tracheostomy tubes. Respiratory Care, 59(6), 956–973. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
109 Hilbert, G., Navalesi, P. & Girault, C. (2015) Is sedation safe and beneficial in patients receiving NIV? Yes. Intensive Care Medicine, 41, 1688–1691. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
110 Holst, L.B., Petersen, M.W., Haase, N., et al. (2015) Restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy for red blood cell transfusion: Systematic review of randomised trials with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ, 350, h1354. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
111 Hooper, C., Lee, Y.C.G. & Maskell, N. (2010) Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. Thorax, 65(Suppl. 2), ii4–ii17. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
112 Huang, H., Xu, B., Liu, G., et al. (2017) Use of noninvasive ventilation in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Critical Care, 21(4), 1–9. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
113 Human Rights Act (1998) Available at: www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/42/contents
114 Hunt, B.J., Allard, S., Keeling, D., et al. (2015) A practical guideline for the haematological management of major haemorrhage. British Journal of Haematology, 170(6), 788–803. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
115 Hyzy, R.C. & McSparron, J.I. (2018) Overview of tracheostomy. UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview‐of‐tracheostomy
116 ICS (Intensive Care Society) (2014) Standards for the Care of Adult Patients with a Temporary Tracheostomy. London: Intensive Care Society. | Cite this reference
117 Ireland, C., Chapman, T., Matthew, S., et al. (2014) Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the postoperative period for prevention of postoperative morbidity and mortality following major abdominal surgery (review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, 1–55. | Cite this reference
118 Jabre, P., Belpomme, V., Azoulay, E., et al. (2013) Family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(11), 1008–1018. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
119 Jeffries, M. (2017) Research for practice: Evidence to support the use of occlusive dry sterile dressings for chest tubes. MEDSURG Nursing, 26(3), 171–174. | Cite this reference
120 Jones, R. & Berry, R. (2015) Mechanisms of hypoxaemia and the interpretation of arterial blood gases. Surgery Journal, 33(10), 461–466. | Cite this reference
121 JPAC (Joint UK Blood Transfusion Society and National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Professional Advisory Committee) (2013) Care and selection of whole blood and component donors (including donors of pre‐deposit autogous blood). In: Guidelines for the Blood Transfusion Services in the United Kingdom. London: The Stationery Office. | Cite this reference
122 JPAC (2019) UK Cell Salvage Action Group. Available at: https://www.transfusionguidelines.org/transfusion‐practice/uk‐cell‐salvage‐action‐group
123 Katz, L.M. & Dodd, R.Y. (2019) Transfusion‐transmitted diseases. In: Shaz, B., Hillyer, C. & Gil, M.R. (eds) Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects, 3rd edn. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, pp.437–453. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
124 Kaufman, D.P. & Dhamoon, A.S. (2018) Physiology, Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls. | Cite this reference
125 Kaufman, R.M., Dinh, A., Cohn, C.S., et al. (2019) Electronic patient identification for sample labeling reduces wrong blood in tube errors. Transfusion, 59(3), 972–980. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
126 Kayner, A.M. (2012) Respiratory failure. Medscape. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/167981
127 Klein, H.G. & Anstee, D.J. (2014) Mollison's Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine, 12th edn. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
128 Konstantinides, S.V., Torbicki, A., Agnelli, G., et al. (2014) 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. European Heart Journal, 35(43), 3033–3069. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
129 Lautrette, A., Darmon, M., Megarbane, B., et al. (2007) A communication strategy and brochure for relatives of patients dying in the ICU. New England Journal of Medicine, 356, 469–478. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
130 Laws, D., Neville, E. & Duffy, J. (2003) BTS guidelines for the insertion of a chest drain. Thorax, 58(Suppl. 2), ii53–ii59. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
131 Lee, S.H., Kim, K.H. & Woo, S.H. (2015) The usefulness of the stay suture technique in tracheostomy. Laryngoscope, 125, 1356–1359. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
132 Lenihan, C.R. & Cormac, T.T. (2013) The impact of hypoxia on cell death pathways: Regulation of metabolism in cancer and immune cells. Biochemical Society Transactions, 41(3), 657–663. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
133 Levy, J.H., Neal, M.D. & Herman, J.H. (2018) Bacterial contamination of platelets for transfusion: Strategies for prevention. Critical Care, 22(1), 271. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
134 Lewis, S.R., Pritchard, M.W., Evans, D.J., et al. (2018) Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8. DOI: Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
135 Lin, C., Yu, H., Fan, H. & Li, Z. (2014) The efficacy of noninvasive ventilation in managing postextubation respiratory failure: A meta‐analysis. Heart & Lung, 43(2), 99–104. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
136 Liu, Q., Gao, Y., Chen, R. & Cheng, Z. (2016) Noninvasive ventilation with helmet versus control strategy in patients with acute respiratory failure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled studies. Critical Care, 20(1), 265. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
137 Loveday, H.P., Wilson, J.A., Pratt, R.J., et al. (2014) epic3: National evidence‐based guidelines for preventing healthcare‐associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. Journal of Hospital Infection, 86(Suppl. 1), S1–S70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
138 MacDuff, A., Arnold, A. & Harvey, J. (2010) Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. Thorax, 65(Suppl. 2), ii18–ii31. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
139 Mach, W.J., Thimmesch, A.R., Pierce, J.T. & Pierce, J.D. (2011) Consequences of hyperoxia and the toxicity of oxygen in the lung. Nursing Research and Practice, 2011, 1–7. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
140 MacIntyre, N.R. (2014) Tissue hypoxia: Implications for the respiratory clinician. Journal of Respiratory Care, 59(10), 1590–1596. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
141 Mahmood, K. & Wahidi, M.M. (2013) Straightening out chest tubes: What size, what type, and when. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 34(1), 63–71. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
142 Malhotra, S., Dhama, S.S., Kumar, M. & Jain, G. (2013) Improving neurological outcome after cardiac arrest: Therapeutic hypothermia the best treatment. Anesthesia Essays and Researches, 7(1), 18–24. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
143 Mallet, J., Albarran, J.W. & Richardson, A. (2013) Critical Care Manual of Clinical Procedures and Competencies. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. | Cite this reference
144 Mao, M., Hughes, R., Papadimos, T.J. & Stawicki, S.P. (2015) Complications of chest tubes: A focused clinical synopsis. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 21(4), 376–386. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
145 Marhong, J. & Fan, E. (2014) Carbon dioxide in the critically ill: Too much or too little of a good thing? Journal of Respiratory Care, 59(10), 1597–1605. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
146 Marieb, E.N. & Hoehn, K. (2016) Human Anatomy & Physiology, 10th edn. Harlow: Pearson. | Cite this reference
147 Marieb, E.N. & Hoehn, K. (2018) Human Anatomy & Physiology, 11th edn. Harlow: Pearson. | Cite this reference
148 Masa, J., Utrabo, I., Gomez de Terreros, J., et al. (2016) Noninvasive ventilation for severely acidotic patients in respiratory intermediate care units. Pulmonary Medicine, 16(97), 1–13. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
149 Massey, E. (2016). Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Granulocyte Transfusions. Available at: https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco‐assets‐corp/14874/inf2764‐clinical‐guidelines‐for‐the‐use‐of‐granulocyte‐transfusions.pdf | Cite this reference
150 McCauley, L. & Dean, N. (2015) Pneumonia and empyema: Causal, casual or unknown. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 7(6), 992–998. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
151 McClelland, D.B. (2007) Handbook of Transfusion Medicine. London: The Stationery Office. | Cite this reference
152 McCoy, R.W. (2013) Options for home oxygen therapy equipment: Storage and metering of oxygen in the home. Respiratory Care Journal, 58(1), 65–80. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
153 McGrath, B.A., Bates, L., Atkinson, D. & Moore, J.A. (2012) Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of tracheostomy and laryngectomy airway emergencies. Anaesthesia, 67, 1025–1041. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
154 McNulty, G. & Eyre, L. (2015) Humidification in anaesthesia and critical care. British Journal of Anaesthesia Education, 15(3), 131–135. | Cite this reference
155 Meaney, P.A., Nadkarni, V.M., Kern, K.B., et al. (2010) Rhythms and outcomes of adult in‐hospital cardiac arrest. Critical Care Medicine, 38(1), 101–108. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
156 Medicines Act (1968) Available at: www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1968/67
157 Mental Capacity (Amended) Act (2019) Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2019/18/contents/enacted
158 MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) (2010) Medical Device Alert: All Chest Drains when Used with High‐Flow, Low Vacuum Suction Systems (Wall Mounted) MDA/2010/040. Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150113080833/www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/dts‐bs/documents/medicaldevicealert/con081898.pdf
159 MHRA (2013) Top Tips on Care and Handling of Oxygen Cylinders and Their Regulators. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/428425/O2_cylinders_top_tips_2013.pdf
160 Mian, H., Foley, R. & O'Hoski, P. (2017) Haemopoietic stem cell processing and storage. In: Murphy, M. F., Roberts, D. J., & Yazer, M. H. (eds) Practical Transfusion Medicine, 5th edn. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp.455–465. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
161 Mitchell, R.B., Hussey, H.M., Setzen, G., et al. (2013) Clinical consensus statement: Tracheostomy care. Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, 148(1), 6–20. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
162 Mollison, P.L., Engelfriet, C.P. & Contreras, M. (1997) Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine, 10th edn. Oxford: Blackwell Science. | Cite this reference
163 Moffat, S., Skinner, J. & Fritz, Z. (2016) Does resuscitation status affect decision making in a deteriorating patient? Results from a randomised vignette study. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 22(6), 921–927. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
164 Mohammed, H.M. (2015) Chest tube care in critically ill patient: A comprehensive review. Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, 64(4), 849–855. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
165 Möller, W., Celik, G., Feng, S., et al. (2015) Nasal high flow clears anatomical dead space in upper airway models. American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 18(12), 1525–1532. | Cite this reference
166 Moore, J.E. (2016) The importance of the mundane: Nebuliser care and hygiene. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 15(1), 4–5. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
167 Morris, L.L., Bedon, A.M., McIntosh, E. & Whitmer, A. (2015) Restoring speech to tracheostomy patients. Critical Care Nurse, 35, 13–28. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
168 Mortimer, H. & Kubba, H. (2017) A retrospective case series of 318 tracheostomy‐related adverse events over 6 years: A Scottish context. Clinical Otolaryngology, 42, 936–940. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
169 Murdock, J., Watson, D., Doree, C.J., et al. (2009) Drugs and blood transfusions: Dogma‐ or evidence‐based practice? Transfusion Medicine, 19(1), 6–15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
170 Murphy, M.F., Staves, J., Davies, A., et al. (2009) How do we approach a major change program using the example of the development, evaluation, and implementation of an electronic transfusion management system? Transfusion, 49(5), 829–837. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
171 Na, M.J. (2014) Diagnostic tools of pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 76(5), 199–210. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
172 Narayan, S. (ed) on behalf of the Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) Steering Group (2019) The Annual SHOT Report 2018. Available at: https://www.shotuk.org/wp‐content/uploads/myimages/SHOT‐Report‐2018_Web_Version.pdf
173 National Blood Transfusion Committee (2016a) Indication Codes for Transfusion: An Audit Tool. Available at: www.transfusionguidelines.org.uk/uk‐transfusion‐committees/national‐blood‐transfusion‐committee/responses‐and‐recommendations
174 National Blood Transfusion Committee (2016b) Requirements for Training and Assessment in Blood Transfusion. Available at: www.transfusionguidelines.org/document‐library/documents/nbtc‐requirements‐for‐training‐and‐assessment‐final
175 National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit (2017) 26th Annual Report 2017: Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease Surveillance in the UK. Edinburgh: National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit. | Cite this reference
176 NBTC (National Blood Transfusion Committee) (2014) Patient Blood Management: An Evidence Based Approach to Care. Available at: https://www.transfusionguidelines.org/uk‐transfusion‐committees/national‐blood‐transfusion‐committee/patient‐blood‐management
177 NBTC (2016) Indication Codes for Transfusion. Available at: https://www.transfusionguidelines.org/document‐library/documents/nbtc‐indication‐codes‐june‐2016v2
178 NCEPOD (National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death) (2017) Inspiring Change. London: NCEPOD. | Cite this reference
179 NHS England and NHSI (NHS Improvement) (2019) Standard Infection Control Precautions: National Hand Hygiene and Personal Protective Equipment Policy. Available at: https://improvement.nhs.uk/documents/4957/National_policy_on_hand_hygiene_and_PPE_2.pdf
180 NHS Improvement (2016) Reducing the Risk of Oxygen Tubing Being Connected to Air Flowmeters. Available at: https://improvement.nhs.uk/documents/408/Patient_Safety_Alert_‐_Reducing_the_risk_of_oxygen_tubing_being_connected_to_a_bDUb2KY.pdf
181 NHS Improvement (2018a) Patient Safety Alert: Risk of Death and Severe Harm from Failure to Obtain and Continue Flow from Oxygen Cylinders. Available at: https://improvement.nhs.uk/documents/2206/Patient_Safety_Alert_‐_Failure_to_open_oxygen_cylinders.pdf
182 NHS Improvement (2018b) Patient Safety Alert: Safer Temporary Identification Criteria for Unknown or Unidentified Patients. Available at: https://improvement.nhs.uk/documents/3535/Patient_Safety_Alert_‐_unknown_or_unidentified_patients_FINAL.pdf
183 NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (2006) Clinical Standards: Blood Transfusion. Edinburgh: NHS Quality Improvement Scotland. | Cite this reference
184 NHSBT (NHS Blood and Transplant) (2003) National Comparative Audit of Blood Transfusion: Auditing the Administration of Blood at the Bedside. Available at: https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco‐assets‐corp/14929/nca‐2003_aud_rep.pdf
185 NHSBT (2009) National Comparative Audit of Blood Transfusion: 2008 Bedside Transfusion Re‐audit. Available at: https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco‐assets‐corp/14928/nca‐2008_bedside_transfusion_audit_report_‐_st_elsewheres.pdf
186 NHSBT (2011a) National Comparative Audit of Blood Transfusion: 2011 Re‐audit of Bedside Transfusion Practice. Available at: https://hospital.blood.co.uk/audits/national‐comparative‐audit/blood‐sampling‐collection‐and‐administration‐of‐blood‐components
187 NHSBT (2011b) Strategic Plan 2011–14. Available at: https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco‐assets‐corp/1854/nhsbt_strategic_plan_2011_14.pdf
188 NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) (2007) Acutely Ill Adults in Hospital: Recognizing and Responding to Deterioration [CG50]. Available at: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg50
189 NICE (2008) Intraoperative Red Blood Cell Salvage during Radical Prostatectomy or Radical Cystectomy [IPG258]. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg258
190 NICE (2013) Acute Illness in Adults in Hospital: Recognizing and Responding to Deterioration [CG50]. Available at www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG50
191 NICE (2015) Blood Transfusion [NG24]. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG24
192 NICE (2016) Motor Neurone Disease: Assessment and Management [NG42]. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng42
193 NICE (2017) Healthcare‐Associated Infections: Prevention and Control in Primary and Community Care [CG139]. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG139
194 NICE (2018a) Oxygen: Overview. Available at: https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment‐summary/oxygen.html
195 NICE (2018b) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Over 16s: Diagnosis and Management [NG115]. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG115
196 NICE (2018c) Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Available at: https://cks.nice.org.uk/anaemia‐iron‐deficiency#!scenario
197 Nishimura, M. (2015) High‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in adults. Journal of Intensive Care, 3(1), 15. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
198 NMC (Nursing and Midwifery Council) (2018) The Code: Professional Standards of Practice and Behaviour for Nurses, Midwives and Nursing Associates. Available at: https://www.nmc.org.uk/standards/code
199 Noel, D., Fink, D.S., Kunduk, M., et al. (2016) Secondary tracheoesophageal puncture using transnasal esophagoscopy in gastric pull‐up reconstruction after total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy. Head Neck, 38, E61–E63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
200 Nolan, J.P., Soar, J., Smith, G.B., et al. (2014) Incidence and outcome of in‐hospital cardiac arrest in the United Kingdom National Cardiac Arrest Audit. Resuscitation, 85(8), 987–992. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
201 Noorani, A. & Abu‐Omar, Y. (2018) Chest drainage. In: Valchanov, K., Jones, N. & Hogue, C. (eds) Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.70–76. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
202 Norfolk, D. (2013) Handbook of Transfusion Medicine, 5th edn. London: The Stationery Office. | Cite this reference
203 NPSA (National Patient Safety Agency) (2006) Right Patient, Right Blood. Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20171030131001/www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk/resources/type/alerts/?entryid45=65838&p=4
204 NPSA (2007) Standardising Wristbands Improves Patient Safety (Safer Practice Notice No. 24). Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20171030124213/www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk/resources/?entryid45=59824&p=14
205 NPSA (2010) Rapid Response Report: The Transfusion of Blood and Blood Components in an Emergency. Available at: https://www.transfusionguidelines.org/document‐library/documents/npsa‐rapid‐response‐report‐the‐transfusion‐of‐blood‐and‐blood‐components‐in‐an‐emergency‐21‐october‐2010‐pdf‐100kb
206 NTSP (National Tracheostomy Safety Project) (2013) Information Resource for Safer Management of Patients with Tracheostomies and Laryngectomies. Available at: www.tracheostomy.org.uk/resources/documents
207 O'Connell, B., Lee, E.J. & Schiffer, C.A. (1988) The value of 10‐minute posttransfusion platelet counts. Transfusion, 28(1), 66–67. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
208 O'Connor, R. (2017) Cardiac Arrest. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en‐gb/professional/critical‐care‐medicine/cardiac‐arrest‐and‐cpr/cardiac‐arrest
209 O'Driscoll, B.R., Howard, L.S., Earis, J., et al. (2017) British Thoracic Society Guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. Thorax, 72(Suppl. 1), i1–i89. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
210 Olivieri, C., Carenzo, L., Vignazia, L., et al. (2015) Does noninvasive ventilation delivery in the ward provide early effective ventilation? Respiratory Care, 60(1), 6–11. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
211 Ozsancak Ugurlu, A., Sidhom, S., Khodabandeh, A., et al. (2016) Use and outcomes of noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in different age groups. Respiratory Care, 61(1), 36–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
212 Papazian, L., Corley, A., Hess, D., et al. (2016) Use of high‐flow nasal cannula oxygenation in ICU adults: A narrative review. Intensive Care Medicine, 42(9), 1336–1349. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
213 Pasricha, S.R., Colman, K., Centeno‐Tablante, E., et al. (2018) Revisiting WHO haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia in clinical medicine and public health. Lancet Haematology, 5(2), e60–e62. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
214 Patel, B., Wolfe, K., Pohlman, A., et al. (2016) Effect of noninvasive ventilation delivered by helmet vs face mask on the rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA, 315(22), 2435–2441. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
215 Patel, S. & Majmundar, S.H. (2018) Physiology, Carbon Dioxide Retention. StatPearls. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482456
216 Pathmanathan, N., Beaumont, N. & Gratrix, A. (2014) Respiratory physiotherapy in the critical care unit. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain, 15(1), 20–25. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
217 Patrini, D., Panagiotopoulos, N., Pararajasingham, J., et al. (2015) Etiology and management of spontaneous haemothorax. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 7(3), 520–526. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
218 Perkins, G.D., Handley, A.J., Koster, R.W., et al. (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for resuscitation: Section 2 – Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation, 95, 81–99. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
219 Pirie, E.S. & Gray, M.A. (2007) Exploring the assessors’ and nurses’ experience of formal assessment of clinical competency in the administration of blood components. Nurse Education in Practice, 7(4), 215–227. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
220 Porcel, J.M. (2018a) Improving the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. European Respiratory Journal, 52(6), 1801918. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
221 Porcel, J.M. (2018b) Chest tube drainage of the pleural space: A concise review for pulmonologists. Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 81(2), 106–115. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
222 Porth, C. (2005) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States, 7th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. | Cite this reference
223 Prasarn, M.L., Horodyski, M., Scott, N.E., et al. (2014) Motion generated in the unstable upper cervical spine during head tilt–chin lift and jaw thrust maneuvers. Spine Journal, 14(4), 609–614. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
224 Provan, D., Baglin, T., Dokal, I. & de Vos, J. (2015) Oxford Handbook of Clinical Haematology, 4th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
225 Ravi, C. & McKnight, C.L. (2018) Chest Tube. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls. | Cite this reference
226 Raza, S., Baig, M.A., Chang, C. et al. (2015) A prospective study on red blood cell transfusion related hyperkalemia in critically ill patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 7(6), 417–421. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
227 RCN (Royal College of Nursing) (2005) Right Blood, Right Patient, Right Time. Available at: www.spitjudms.ro/_files/protocoale_terapeutice/anestezie/buna_practica_transfuzionala.pdf
228 RCN (2010) Standards for Infusion Therapy, 3rd edn. London: Royal College of Nursing. | Cite this reference
229 RCN (2017) Principles of consent: Guidance for nursing staff. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 11(10), 498–502. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
230 RCP (Royal College of Physicians) (2017) National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2): Standardising the Assessment of Acute Illness Severity in the NHS. Available at: https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/national‐early‐warning‐score‐news‐2
231 RCS (Royal College of Surgeons) (2016) Caring for Patients who Refuse Blood. Available at: https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/‐/media/files/rcs/library‐and‐publications/non‐journal‐publications/caring‐for‐patients‐who‐refuse‐blood
232 RCUK (Resuscitation Council UK) (2015) Advanced Life Support. London: Resuscitation Council UK.
233 Retter, A., Wyncoll, D., Pearse, R., et al. (2013) Guidelines on the management of anaemia and red cell transfusion in adult critically ill patients. British Journal of Haematology, 160, 445–464. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
234 Riou, M., Ball, S., Williams, T.A., et al. (2018) ‘She's sort of breathing’: What linguistic factors determine call‐taker recognition of agonal breathing in emergency calls for cardiac arrest? Resuscitation, 122, 92–98. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
235 Roberts, D.J., Leigh‐Smith, S., Faris, P.D., et al. (2015) Clinical presentation of patients with tension pneumothorax: A systematic review. Annals of Surgery, 261(6), 1068–1078. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
236 Robinson, S., Harris, A., Atkinson, S., et al. (2017) The administration of blood components: A British Society for Haematology guideline. Transfusion Medicine, 28(1), 3–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
237 Rodriguez‐Hortal, M., Nygren‐Bonnier, M. & Hjelte, L. (2017) Non‐invasive ventilation as airway clearance technique in cystic fibrosis. Physiotherapy Research International, 22(3), e1667. | Cite this reference
238 Roth, D., Mayer, J., Schreiber, W., et al. (2018) Acute carbon monoxide poisoning treatment by non‐invasive CPAP‐ventilation, and by reservoir face mask: Two simultaneous cases. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 36(9), 1718e5–1718e6. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
239 SaBTO (Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs) (2011) Guidance for Clinical Staff to Support Patient Consent for Blood Transfusion. Available at: www.transfusionguidelines.org.uk/transfusion‐practice/consent‐for‐blood‐transfusion‐1
240 SaBTO (2012) SaBTO Report of the Cytomegalovirus Steering Group. Available at: www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_132965
241 Saguil, A., Wyrick, K. & Hallgren, J. (2014) Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion. American Family Physician, 90(2), 99–104. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
242 Sarkar, M., Niranjan, N. & Banyal, P.K. (2017) Mechanisms of hypoxemia. Lung India: Official Organ of Indian Chest Society, 34(1), 47–60. | Cite this reference
243 Schiavone, W.A. (2013) Cardiac tamponade: 12 pearls in diagnosis and management. Cleveland Clinical Journal of Medicine, 80(2), 109–116. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
244 Schober, A., Sterz, F., Handler, C., et al. (2014) Cardiac arrest due to accidental hypothermia: A 20 year review of a rare condition in an urban area. Resuscitation, 85(6), 749–756. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
245 Schnell, D., Timsit, J., Darmon, M., et al. (2014) Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure: Trends in use and outcomes. Intensive Care Medicine, 40, 582–591. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
246 Scott, B. (2017) Skin integrity and the NIV patient. AARC Times, 2017, 5–8. | Cite this reference
247 Seed, C.R., Hewitt, P.E., Dodd, R.Y., et al. (2018) Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and blood transfusion safety. Vox Sanguinis, 113(3), 220–231. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
248 Sekhon, M.S., Ainslie, P.N. & Griesdale, D.E. (2017) Clinical pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest: A ‘two‐hit’ model. Critical Care, 21(90), 30–33. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
249 Semenza, G.L. (2012) Hypoxia‐inducible factors in physiology and medicine. Cell, 148(3), 399–408. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
250 Semple, J.W., Rebetz, J. & Kapur, R. (2019) Transfusion‐associated circulatory overload and transfusion‐related acute lung injury. Blood, 133(17), 1840–1853. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
251 Shander, A., Gross, I., Hill, S., et al. (2013) A new perspective on best transfusion practices. Blood Transfusion, 11(2), 193–202. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
252 Shander, A., Javidroozi, M., Perelman, S., et al. (2012) From bloodless surgery to patient blood management. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 79(1), 56–65. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
253 Sharma, D., Goswami, R., Arora, G., et al. (2016) Silicon airflow prosthetic device after laryngectomy: A clinical trial. Karnataka Anaesthesia Journal, 2(2), 59–61. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
254 Shreeve, K. (2014) SBAR: NPSA Safer Practice Notice 14, ‘Right Patient, Right Blood’. Pontyclun: Welsh Blood Service. | Cite this reference
255 Sigurdson, C.J., Bartz, J.C. & Glatzel, M. (2019) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of prion disease. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, 14, 497–516. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
256 Sikorski, R.A., Rizkalla, N.A., Yang, W.W. & Frank, S.M. (2017) Autologous blood salvage in the era of patient blood management. Vox Sanguinis, 112(6), 499–510. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
257 Singh, R.K., Saran, S. & Baronia, A.K. (2017) The practice of tracheostomy decannulation: A systematic review. Journal of Intensive Care, 5, 38. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
258 Sjoberg, F. & Singer, M. (2013) The medical use of oxygen: A time for critical reappraisal. Journal of Internal Medicine, 274(6), 505–528. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
259 Skeate, R.C. & Eastlund, T. (2007) Distinguishing between transfusion related acute lung injury and transfusion associated circulatory overload. Current Opinion in Hematology, 14(6), 682–687. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
260 Slichter, S.J., Kaufman, R.M., Assmann, S.F., et al. (2010) Dose of prophylactic platelet transfusions and prevention of hemorrhage. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(7), 600–613. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
261 SNBTS (Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service) (2004) Better Blood Transfusion Level 1: Safe Transfusion Practice: Self‐Directed Learning Pack. Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130105054416/www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Lettersandcirculars/Healthservicecirculars/DH_080613
262 Soar, J., Nolan, J.P., Böttiger, B.W., et al. (2015) European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2015: Section 3 – Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation, 95, 100–147. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
263 Spoletini, G. & Hill, N.S. (2016) High‐flow nasal oxygen versus noninvasive ventilation for hypoxemic respiratory failure: Do we know enough? Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 11, 163–166. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
264 Stickle, D. (2018) BiPAP noninvasive ventilation for COPD. Journal for Respiratory Care Practitioners, 2018, 15–16. | Cite this reference
265 Sutt, A.L., Cornwell, P., Mullany, D., et al. (2015) The use of tracheostomy speaking valves in mechanically ventilated patients results in improved communication and does not prolong ventilation time in cardiothoracic intensive care unit patients. Journal of Critical Care, 30, 491–494. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
266 Sztrymf, B., Messika, J., Bertrand, F., et al. (2011) Beneficial effects of humidified high flow nasal oxygen in critical care patients: A prospective pilot study. Intensive Care Medicine, 37(11), 1780–1786. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
267 Tang, C.G. & Sinclair, C.F. (2015) Voice restoration after total laryngectomy. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 48(4), 687–702. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
268 Tekgündüz, S.A. & Özbek, N. (2016) ABO blood group mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 54(1), 24–29. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
269 Thomas, C. & Lumb, A. (2012) Physiology of haemaglobin. Journal of Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain, 12(5), 251–256. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
270 Tinegate, H., Birchall, J., Gray, A., et al. (2012) Guideline on the investigation and management of acute transfusion reactions: Prepared by the BCSH Blood Transfusion Task Force. British Journal of Haematology, 159, 143–153. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
271 Tirkkonen, J., Huhtala, H. & Hoppu, S. (2018) In‐hospital cardiac arrest after a rapid response team review: A matched case‐control study. Resuscitation, 126, 98–103. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
272 Tortora, G.J. & Derrickson, B.H. (2017) Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 15th edn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. | Cite this reference
273 Treleaven, J., Gennery, A., Marsh, J., et al. (2011) Guidelines on the use of irradiated blood components prepared by the British Committee for Standards in Haematology blood transfusion task force. British Journal of Haematology, 152, 35–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
274 Truhlar, A., Deakin, C.D., Soar, J., et al. (2015) European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2015: Section 4 – Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation, 95(10), 148–200. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
275 Tschopp, J.M., Bintcliffe, O., Astoul, P., et al. (2015) ERS task force statement: Diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. European Respiratory Journal, 46, 321–335. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
276 UK Blood Services (2007) Handbook of Transfusion Medicine, 4th edn. Available at: www.transfusionguidelines.org.uk
277 Vadde, R. & Pastores, S. (2016) Management of acute respiratory failure in hematological malignancy patients. Journal of Intensive Care Medicines, 31(10), 627–641. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
278 Vargas, M., Marra, A., Vivona, L., et al. (2018) Performances of CPAP devices with an oronasal mask. Respiratory Care, 63(8), 1033–1039. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
279 Vlaar, A.P., Toy, P., Fung, M., et al. (2019) A consensus redefinition of transfusion‐related acute lung injury. Transfusion, 59(7), 2465–2476. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
280 Ward, E.C. & Van As‐Brooks, C.J. (2014) Head and Neck Cancer: Treatment, Rehabilitation and Outcomes, 2nd edn. San Diego: Pleural. | Cite this reference
281 Waugh, A. & Grant, A. (2014) Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. | Cite this reference
282 Weil, I.A., Kumar, P., Seicean, S., et al. (2019) Platelet count abnormalities and peri‐operative outcomes in adults undergoing elective, non‐cardiac surgery. PLOS ONE, 14(2), e0212191. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
283 WHO (World Health Organization) (2011) Global Forum for Blood Safety: Patient Blood Management – 14–15 March 2011, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Available at: www.who.int/bloodsafety/events/gfbs_01_pbm_concept_paper.pdf
284 Wild, K. & Peate, I. (2012) Clinical observations 5/6: Breathing and respiratory rate. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 6(9), 438–441. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
285 Wilkinson, I.B., Raine, T., Wiles, K., et al. (2017) The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 10th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
286 Wilkinson, K.A., Martin, I.C., Freeth, H., et al. (2014) NCEPOD: On the Right Trach? A Review of the Care Received by Patients who Underwent a Tracheostomy. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. Available at: https://www.ncepod.org.uk/2014report1/downloads/OnTheRightTrach_FullReport.pdf
287 Williamson, L.M., Lowe, S., Love, E., et al. (1999) Serious Hazards of Transfusion. Manchester: SHOT. Available at: https://www.shotuk.org/wp‐content/uploads/myimages/2010/04/SHOT‐Report‐1997‐98.pdf | Cite this reference
288 Wittels, K.A. (2018) Basic airway management in adults. UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/basic‐airway‐management‐in‐adults
289 Wong, C.Y.Y., Shakir, A.A., Farboud, A. & Whittet, H.B. (2016) Active versus passive humidification for self‐ventilating tracheostomy and laryngectomy patients: A systematic review of the literature. Clinical Otolaryngology, 41(6), 646–651. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
290 Woodrow, P. (2013) Intrapleural chest drainage. Nursing Standard, 27(40), 49–56. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
291 Yeung, J., Couper, K., Ryan, E.G., et al. (2018) Non‐invasive ventilation as a strategy for weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation: A systematic review and Bayesian meta‐analysis. Intensive Care Medicine, 44(12), 2192–2204. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
292 Yousuf, A. & Rahman, N.M. (2018) Chest drain insertion. In: Hunt, I., Rahman, N.M., Maskell, N.A. & Gleeson, F.V. (eds) ABC of Pleural Diseases. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp.56–59. | Cite this reference
293 Zaw, A.S., Bangalore Kantharajanna, S. & Kumar, N. (2017) Is autologous salvaged blood a viable option for patient blood management in oncologic surgery? Transfusion Medicine Review, 31(1), 56–61. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
294 Zenga, J., Goldsmith, T., Bunting, G. & Deschlerb, D.G. (2018) State of the art: Rehabilitation of speech and swallowing after total laryngectomy. Oral Oncology, 86, 38–47. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
295 Zisis, C., Tsirgogianni, K., Lazaridis, G., et al. (2015) Chest drainage systems in use. Annals of Translational Medicine, 3(3), 43. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
296 Zwaginga, J.J. & van Ham, M. (2013) Essential immunology for transfusion medicine. In: Murphy, M., Pamphilon, D. & Heddle, N. (eds) Practical Transfusion Medicine, 4th edn. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp.11–20. | Cite this reference

Administrator log in: