Cervical screening (previously known as a smear test) is a test used to detect abnormalities in the cervix; it involves a specimen of cellular material being scraped from the cervix. The specimen is then stained and examined under a microscope by a cytologist to identify early cellular changes (Kumar and Clark [120]). As human papillomavirus (HPV) of the high‐risk type is the cause of 99.7% of all cervical cancers, HPV testing is now routinely offered in many countries as part of cervical screening (RCN [203]). While women may test positive to high‐risk HPV, this does not necessarily mean that they will develop cervical cancer. It means that they are at greater risk than those who test negative (RCN [204]).